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Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
謹(jǐn)慎周密地思考，清晰明確地分辨。古人認(rèn)為，人的成長(zhǎng)包括五個(gè)階段：博學(xué)（廣博地學(xué)習(xí)），即收集信息，吸取知識(shí)；審問(wèn)（詳盡地追問(wèn)），即提出問(wèn)題，解除疑惑；慎思（謹(jǐn)慎周密地思考），即消化整理，融會(huì)貫通；明辨（清晰明確地分辨），即形成概念，擇定結(jié)果；篤行（切實(shí)地實(shí)行），即將認(rèn)知付諸實(shí)踐，形成品格。這五個(gè)階段大致可分為學(xué)習(xí)、思考、實(shí)踐三個(gè)方面?！吧魉济鞅妗本褪撬伎迹怯蓪W(xué)習(xí)到實(shí)踐的中間階段。也就是說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)與思考、學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)踐是相輔相成的；而思考則是學(xué)習(xí)的深入和提升，是實(shí)踐的前導(dǎo)，是從學(xué)習(xí)到實(shí)踐轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)鍵所在。
It was thought in ancient China that a person matured through five stages: broad study for collecting information and acquiring knowledge, close examination for identifying problems and resolving doubts, careful reflection for absorbing and mastering knowledge, clear discrimination for developing concepts and reaching conclusions, and earnest practice for putting knowledge into practice and developing character. These stages can be roughly divided into three areas: learning, reflection, and practice. "Careful reflection and clear discrimination" describes the stage of reflection between learning and practice. It can also be said that study and reflection on the one hand and study and practice on the other complement each other, while reflection is a deepening and heightening of learning, a prerequisite for practice, and a key link between learning and practice.
引例 Citation：
◎博學(xué)之，審問(wèn)之，慎思之，明辨之，篤行之。（《禮記·中庸》）
廣泛地學(xué)習(xí)，詳盡地追問(wèn)，謹(jǐn)慎周密地思考，清晰明確地判別，切實(shí)地實(shí)行。
Learn broadly, examine closely, reflect carefully, discriminate clearly, and practice earnestly. (The Book of Rites)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語(yǔ)委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
